EVALUATING THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF HONEY AND LEMON JUICE AGAINST BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
The antibacterial effect of honey and lemon were investigated. Their use separately and in combination were compared with that of standard antibiotics against Klebsiellapneumoniae, Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilusinfluenzae and Streptococcus pyogenesisolates from sputum, ear swab, nasal secretion and throat swab samples of patients from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, and Ahmadu Bello University Health Services (ABUHS) Zaria, Nigeria. Agar diffusion and broth dilution methods were employed to assess degree of susceptibility of the isolates to honey and/or lemon, and the standard antibiotic formulations. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations were evaluated. Rate of Kill was carried out to know the death/survival rate of the bacterial isolates after exposure to the agents. Test for synergy was also carried out to know if there is synergistic effect between the honey and the lemon juice. The zones of inhibition (mm) of 13-32 (Ceftriaxone), 07-29 (Gentamicin), 07-35 (Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid), 14-33 (Levofloxacin), 07-30 (Azithromycin), 10-34 (Honey), 12-29 (Lemon), and 18-29 (Honey/Lemon mixture) were obtained. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations range between 1.95-125 µg/ml (Ceftriaxone), 1.56-100 µg/ml (Gentamicin), 3.91-125 µg/ml (AmoxicillinClavulanic acid), 0.98-62.5 µg/ml (Levofloxacin), 0.78-100 µg/ml (Azithromycin), 20-75 µg/ml (Honey), 15.0 - 47.5 µg/ml (Lemon), and 15-50 µg/ml (Honey/Lemon mixture). Excellent antibacterial activity was observed with lemon, honey and lemon mixture, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin, while honey, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Azithromycinshowed less antibacterial activity. Better killing of the bacteria isolates on exposure to honey and lemon was observed with Lemon and Honey/Lemon mixture than the Honey alone. There is additive effect, but no antagonistic effectin the mixture of honey and lemon juice. Generally, their activity is within the additive level (>0.5 to ≤1) of Fractional 3 Inhibitory Concentration index. This study justifies the use of Honey and Lemon separately and in mixture as an alternative medicine by the populace in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
Related Project Materials
POLITICS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND STATE CREATION
Abstract
Agitations for state creation are almost as old as the Nigerian nation. The more states that are created, the m...
ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY PRINCIPLES IN THE PROPOSED DESIGN OF A NURSING HOME IN ABUJA, FCT, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Researches done in healthcare indicate that patient outcome is linked with the hospital‟s physical environment. This environment...
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF INSURABLE INTEREST UNDER THE NIGERIA LAW OF INSURANCE
-
INTRODUCTION
Risk and uncertainty are incidental to life. Man may meet untimely death. He m...
THE EFFECT OF VALUE ADDED TAX ON PRICE STABILITY IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY
Abstract
The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), the agency in charge of tax administration in Niger...
THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN SMALL SCALE ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ENUGU STATE
ABSTRACT
The subject matter of this research work is to evaluate the extent to which Small Scale entrepreneurs in Enugu have been abl...
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) ON CUSTOMER’S LOYALTY
Background Of The Study
Organisations have a greater ability today to establish, nurture, and sustain l...
STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS
Abstract: This study explores strategies for promoting industry partnerships in vocational...
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF RESIST TECHNIQUES OF FABRIC DECORATION ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN CLOTHING AND TEXTILES IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This research work was carried out to assess the impact of resist techniques of fabric decoration on students‘ interest in...
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF APPRENTICESHIP TAX INCENTIVES IN PROMOTING VOCATIONAL TRAINING
Abstract: The effectiveness of apprenticeship tax incentives in promoting vocational traini...
ADDRESSING ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING FACILITIES
Abstract: Addressing accessibility issues in vocational training facilities is essential to...
